Benefits of Fluoride

 

Fluoride is a natural mineral recognized for its critical role in preventing tooth decay and strengthening enamel. Backed by over 75 years of research, fluoride is endorsed by leading health organizations like the CDC and WHO for its ability to reduce cavities and improve oral health. Public water fluoridation is a safe, cost-effective, and equitable solution that benefits everyone, especially underserved communities, while reducing overall dental costs. Good oral health is linked to better overall health, reducing the risks of systemic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.

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Health Secretary RFK Jr. to target water fluoridation

Apr 11, 2025
BY Dan Rivoli New York City
PUBLISHED 8:31 PM ET Apr. 09, 2025

New York City is said to have the best tasting tap water in the world. Doctors and medical experts say it’s also good for New Yorkers’ teeth because it has fluoride in it.

“It doesn’t impact the taste, doesn’t impact anything except the benefits of washing the teeth, particularly in children, and reducing the number of cavities,” Dr. Richard Valachovic, with NYU Dentistry Center for Oral Health Policy and Management, said.


What You Need To Know

  • New York City has added fluoride to its water supply since 1965

  • Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. is asking CDC to no longer endorse fluoridated water

  • Mayor Eric Adams supports keeping fluoride in the city's drinking water

Dr. Valachovic spoke to NY1 after U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chief Lee Zeldin took a new, skeptical look at communities that add fluoride to their drinking water.

There will be new studies on it, and Kennedy said he’d get the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to no longer recommend it and undertake new studies.

“You can achieve that benefit from brushing your teeth and the era of fluoridated toothpastes and mouthwashes — it makes no sense to have fluoride in our water,” Kennedy said at a news conference this week.

“We’re prepared to act based on the science,” Zeldin said.

They’re relying on a report last August from the National Toxicology Program at HHS.

The report says “with moderate confidence, that higher estimated fluoride exposures” — that is, higher than 1.5 milligrams per liter — “are consistently associated with lower IQ in children.” And that “associations between lower total fluoride exposure and children’s IQ remain unclear.”

The fluoride in New York City’s water is well below that level at 0.7 milligrams per liter and well below maximum levels allowed by New York State and the federal EPA.

“There’s no evidence that there’s any impact at that level,” Valachovic said.

Brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride also has no impact, according to Valachovic, who says the benefits are apparent.

“We’re not seeing the levels of cavities that are seen in other cities with similar demographics that don’t have water fluoridation,” he said.

Dr. Prabha Krishnan, president of the New York State Dental Association and who practices in Queens, said the difference between patients from other countries is clear.

“We’ve seen patients that have come from other countries that have rampant cavities,” she said.

But the wonders of fluoridated water had not been so apparent to Mayor Eric Adams. Back in November, he said, “I’m not too familiar with the whole conversation around fluoride, what makes it good or bad.”

He said he’d defer to his agencies’ experts. A spokeswoman for the mayor said they still hold the position today that fluoridated water is beneficial to New Yorkers.

 

 

Fluoride FAQ

What is fluoride and how does it protect teeth?

Fluoride is a natural mineral found in water, food, and dental products like toothpaste. It helps protect teeth by strengthening the enamel, the hard outer layer of your teeth. Before teeth break through the gums, fluoride helps make enamel stronger, reducing the risk of decay. After teeth emerge, fluoride continues to help by remineralizing weakened enamel, reversing early signs of cavities.

Is fluoride safe?

Yes, fluoride is safe when used as directed. Scientific studies conducted over decades have consistently shown that fluoride, at recommended levels, is safe and effective in preventing tooth decay. The recommended fluoride level for public water supplies in the United States is 0.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or 0.7 parts per million (ppm). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recognized water fluoridation as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century.

What is water fluoridation?

Water fluoridation is the practice of adding fluoride to drinking water to bring the level up to a point that helps prevent tooth decay. It is a simple and cost-effective way to ensure everyone in a community, regardless of age or income, gets the cavity-fighting benefits of fluoride.

Should children use fluoride toothpaste?

Yes, fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities and makes teeth stronger. For children under 3, use just a small smear of toothpaste (about the size of a grain of rice). For children ages 3 to 6, use a pea-sized amount. Always supervise children while brushing to ensure they use the correct amount and don’t swallow toothpaste.

Does NYSDA support fluoride use?

Yes, the New York State Dental Association (NYSDA) strongly supports the use of fluoride as a safe, effective, and proven method to prevent tooth decay and improve oral health. NYSDA advocates for the use of fluoride in public water supplies and encourages the continued use of fluoride-containing dental products such as toothpaste and mouth rinses. NYSDA believes that access to fluoride helps promote better oral health for all New Yorkers, particularly underserved communities who may have limited access to dental care.

How can I find out if my water supply contains fluoride?

You can contact your local water utility to inquire whether your community’s water supply is fluoridated. Many local water suppliers provide this information in their annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), which is available to residents. The CDC’s My Water’s Fluoride tool also allows you to search for the fluoridation status of your community’s water supply. If your water is not fluoridated, you can still get the benefits of fluoride through toothpaste, mouth rinses, and professional treatments from your dentist.

Where can I learn more about fluoride?

For more information, we recommend visiting trusted sources such as:

For more detailed inquiries, please feel free to contact NYSDA directly.

 

 

Debunking Misinformation

Myth

Fluoride is harmful and toxic.

Fact

Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral, and the levels used in community water fluoridation are strictly regulated for safety. At optimal levels (0.7 mg/L), fluoride is not harmful.

Fluoridation is unnecessary because people can just use toothpaste.
While toothpaste is important, water fluoridation provides continuous protection for everyone, especially those without access to dental care. It’s a proven, equitable solution that reaches all members of the community.
Fluoride causes developmental or neurological harm in children.
Decades of peer-reviewed studies, including research from the CDC and WHO, have found no reliable evidence linking fluoride at recommended levels to neurological harm or developmental issues in children.
Fluoride leads to fluorosis and discolored teeth.
Dental fluorosis occurs only when children ingest excessive fluoride during tooth development. Fluoridated water at recommended levels is safe and effective and doesn’t cause fluorosis when used as directed.

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